respect – The Western Howl

March 12, 2025

Written by: Isabelle Jones | Lifestyle Editor

Content warning: this article discusses violence against women

Women have always played a vital role in shaping the world. Despite often being overlooked in historical narratives, women’s contributions have been foundational in politics, culture, science and society. March marks the annual celebration of Women’s History Month and the continuation of defying limitations, overcoming adversity and transforming communities. As we remember the trailblazers who came before, the fight for equality continues.

In the first wave of feminism, women fought for the 19th Amendment — ensuring the right to vote — alongside the right to education, the right to own property and the right to be legally recognized as independent people instead of property. Although the first wave is mainly remembered for its fight to vote, this period in time encapsulated challenging societal norms and breaking free from rigid domestic spheres. It took time for women’s voices to finally be heard in meaningful ways, but it was crucial for gender equality. Some notable first wave activist women included Susan B. Anthony, Emmeline Pankhurst, Sojourner Truth, Margaret Sanger, Jeannette Rankin, Maria Stewart, Dr. Mabel Ping-Hua Lee and Frances E.W. Harper.

During the second wave of feminism, Title VII — which prohibits discrimination on the basis of sex in employment — and Title IX — which prohibits sex-based discrimination in education — were passed in the ‘60s and ‘70s. The National Organization of Women was created in 1966, aiming to make women’s participation possible in all aspects of American life and to gain all the rights enjoyed by men. During this time, women couldn’t open credit cards in their own names — separate from their husbands — until 1974. Many of the modern day stereotypes of feminists — anti-family, bra burners, butch, lesbians and man-haters — come from the second wave. There were other protests and conversations regarding race, equal pay, abortion, birth control and other reproductive rights. Some influential women from the second wave included Betty Friedan, Gloria Steinem, Kate Millett and Jane Fonda.

The third wave of feminism focused on inclusion — which was what the previous waves struggled with — and recognizing that oppression can take many forms and will affect different people in different ways. During the ‘90s, society saw the rise of both “girly feminism,” or “lipstick feminism,” and “grrrl power.” This type focused on the belief that women can be feminists and still embrace their femininity. Grrrl power is also known as feminist punk bands that began in the PNW. This radical movement combined feminism, punk, music and politics, with the goal of challenging patriarchal standards. This wave focused on empowering women by acknowledging that, when one is free to choose their own path, their choice is a valid expression of one’s values and desires as a woman. Some important women during this time include Anita Hill, the Guerrilla Girls, Bikini Kill, Madonna, Queen Latifah, the American Girl dolls and Mary J. Blige.

We are considered to be in the fourth wave of feminism. A consistent concern throughout the waves is access to reproductive healthcare. Some of the most notable events in the fourth wave include the 2004 March for Women’s Lives, the #MeToo movement — a way for young women of color to share their stories, specifically to promote the idea of “empowerment through empathy,” TIME’S UP organization — the take back the workplace protest — and “enough is enough,” where women insist upon a world where work is safe, fair and dignified for all kinds of people. The biggest protest happened Jan. 19, 2017: the Women’s March on Washington. This was the largest single day protest in U.S. history, with an estimated 3.3-5 million protesters nationwide. This march included many other issues — racial equity, immigration reform, reproductive rights, the environment and LGBTQ rights. Influential women and advocates are Madeleine Albright, Tarana Burke, Alyssa Milano, Kamala Harris and Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez.

The fight for women’s rights and respect continues. A huge issue in society is widespread gender-based violence. According to the National Domestic Violence Hotline, 24 people per minute are victims of rape, physical violence or stalking, one in three women have experienced rape, physical violence and/or stalking and one in six college women have been sexually abused in a relationship.

There are other frightening statistics, but work is being done through education and legislation. The Violence Against Women Act provides housing protections for those who’ve experienced domestic violence, sexual assault or stalking to keep them safe and reduce the likelihood of experiencing homelessness.

There are many other problems, including a persistent gender pay gap, a lack of representation of women in leadership positions, limitations on reproductive rights, societal pressures around gender roles and equal access to education and healthcare — particularly in marginalized communities.

Here are some suggestions on how to participate in celebrating Women’s History Month:

Learn about notable women in history —

Read books — “The Radium Girls,” “I Am Malala,” “Feminism Is for Everybody,” “A Black Women’s History of the United States,” “Hidden Figures,” “She Persisted,” “The Joy Luck Club”

Movies — “Respect,” “Girlfriends,” “9 to 5,” “Thelma and Louise,” “A League of Their Own,” “Erin Brockovich,” “Brave,” “Promising Young Woman,” “The Eyes of Tammy Faye,” “The Color Purple,” “Frida,” “Mona Lisa Smile”

Support women-owned business — Donate to organizations that empower women and help support women in business.

Volunteer for women’s causes — Women’s shelters or organizations that focus on the empowerment of women and donate to women’s health organizations.

Celebrate women in your life — Personal celebrations can be as meaningful as public ones, like writing a letter or sending a card to women who’ve made a positive impact on one’s life, like family, friends, mentors or colleagues. Host a celebration or gathering with women who inspire you, such as lunch or coffee. Express appreciation for women in the workplace or community who are often behind the scenes.

Celebrating the intersectionality of women — Supporting intersectional feminist organizations that advocate for causes such as the rights of women of color, LGBTQ+ women and disabled women; reading works by women from diverse backgrounds to better understand the unique challenges they face; listening to voices from marginalized communities and making sure that their stories are part of the conversation during Women’s History Month are all great steps.

At times it can be exhausting just being a woman. America Ferrera said it best, “It is literally impossible to be a woman. … We have to always be extraordinary, but somehow we’re always doing it wrong.” There are so many contradictory expectations for being a woman, which results in feeling overwhelmed and burnt out. In a world full of men, women just want to exist without being leered at, talked down to, cat-called, objectified, harassed, assaulted, raped, murdered.

Celebrating Women’s History Month is about more than just acknowledging the past — it’s about inspiring the present and future. As we continue to break down societal barriers, the stories of women serve as a powerful reminder of strength, resilience and the ongoing pursuit of equality. By reflecting on the progress made and acknowledging the work that’s yet to come, we can ensure that Women’s History Month has a lasting impact beyond just one month of recognition. Any student needing extra support or resources should check out the Abby’s House, Center for Equity & Gender Justice; The Student Health and Counseling Center and the Office of Diversity, Equity and Inclusion.

Contact the author at howllifestyle@wou.edu

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Deep dive into the American Sign Language at Western

February 26, 2025

Written by: Hannah Field | Editor-in-Chief

American Sign Language has a rich and profound history across the country — but is a rare program to encounter in higher education. Few colleges along the West Coast offer American Sign Language courses beyond the beginning levels — Western, however, offers two degree paths, a minor and a master’s program.

The American Sign Language studies program at Western, on average, carries 15 students per class through 60 required credits of classes, beginning with the basic models of ASL and leading into a variety of additional classes, such as Deaf history, mental health in the Deaf community and deafblind studies.

For roughly half a century, Western has been serving the Deaf community in Monmouth, Oregon. Some current staff of Western in the ASL department, with examples such as Brent Redpath, LeShonDre Brown and Elisa Maroney, attended Western in prior years.

Historically, Western showcases success in instructing the future interpreters of America. Western was the first base for a national ASL assessment service in the West as of 2020 — a testament to Western’s dedication to American Sign Language proficiency testing for anyone interested in their fluency level.

The two Bachelor of Arts programs — American Sign Language studies and interpreting studies: theory — differ, despite common misconceptions about the programs. American Sign Language studies, according to Western’s website, helps foster knowledge of ASL in a way that promotes respect for Deaf culture, history and community. “You will not only continue to hone your ASL skills, but you will also study areas such as linguistics, language acquisition, cultural competency and mental health and learn how this information can serve the (Deaf) population.”

Other higher education institutions may refer to their version of ASL studies as Deaf studies or, potentially, be known as simply American Sign Language.

Elisa Maroney, current program co-coordinator of the ASL branch of the interpreting program and certified interpreter, helped construct the ASL studies program curriculum at Western in its prime, alongside Debi Duren. The program originated from the interpreting program, which found its footing first at Western.

“Our program is a study of the language, the culture, the history. For ASL studies, we’re often a more foundational program — students have that skill in ASL that they can use for the next step in their lives, which might be a graduate program, or it could be related to their career that requires an ASL background,” said Brent Redpath, American Sign Language studies program coordinator. Redpath has been working diligently at Western since 2012 and has become a well-respected professor — often harboring full classes with a waitlist each term.

Redpath, as program coordinator, schedules classes, makesing sure each class is properly staffed with instructors, balancesing course loads for faculty, addressesing student concerns and assistsing in conflict management amongst students. Redpath wholeheartedly represents the ASL program — his face and name are well-known in the Richard Woodcock Education Center — RWEC — where the majority of ASL classes take place.

Predominantly, classes in ASL are taught by deaf professors. ASL language classes — 101 through 303 — follow this model earnestly.

“It’s very nice to have native users of a language who are instructing in their native language,” said Redpath. “And to receive language and culture directly from a deaf person. Nothing against hearing people, don’t get me wrong — but their experiences will be different than a person who grew up as a Deaf individual. They’re going to have a different background, and they won’t be able to speak to that perspective in the same way a Deaf person can.”

With this in mind, ASL classes are regarded as “Deaf classrooms.”

“You might notice as you come into class that we have our tables set up in a U-shape, which is different from other classes. That’s how we always teach so that every student in the class can see each other. It’s a visual language,” said Redpath. “It’s important that we can all see each other, that I can see the students and they can see me.”

The RWEC boasts glass panels in the wall, allowing professors to see what’s happening in the hallways and beyond — a common Deaf-friendly window style. Redpath personally acted in the committee that assisted with designing the RWEC. “I was able to offer some tips and ideas for how to make this building a more Deaf-friendly space,” said Redpath. Additionally, the topic of what makes a Deaf-friendly space is discussed in class to teach on Deaf culture and respect.

Deaf classrooms are also deadly quiet to the average hearing person.

“It is dead silent … The way you can just hear a pin drop — the way people can hear you swallow wrong,” laughed junior Abby Money. “And then the two people on your left hear it and you have to say, ‘sorry, I’m hungry today.’”

Unfortunately, the COVID-19 pandemic has impacted the ASL studies program; staff has been reduced, as have extra class options. As of 2025, Western has two full-time ASL studies staff members, alongside five part-time employees. Ideally, the program will be able to restore more staff members, in-person classes and more classes and class times.

Functionally, ASL classes utilize Canvas and GoReact for exams, homework and lessons. GoReact is a video-based system, allowing students to upload videos of their exams and receive direct feedback.

ASL students, if struggling, may resort to the tutoring center for additional assistance with their signing fluency. Ideally, students will continue to participate in the Deaf community. “I always encourage students to be involved,” said Redpath. “It’s not enough to just go to ASL classes and be done. You can’t thrive that way … There is actually an ASL hall in the dorms, where you can have extra opportunities to socialize outside of class time.”

The ASL club on campus is a good resource for students to gain signing experience and practice with their peers.

Redpath’s classes involve three exams per term and weekly assignments. Students meet in small groups to practice for a grade on a weekly or bi-weekly basis, depending on the instructor’s choice.

“The ASL studies program is one of the biggest language programs that we offer on campus, and administration at Western has recognized us for that. We appreciate their support for our program,” said Redpath. “We felt their involvement in making our program successful … We hope (the program) will continue to grow even larger in the future. Of course, things are different now in post-COVID days, but we really hope to be back to what we were before. It’s a really important program — to me and to the university.”

As for Redpath — “My favorite part of this job is definitely working with the students. I teach a variety of classes, I work with diverse students from diverse backgrounds. And they’re not just learning from me — I’m learning from them.”

For junior Dylan Meader, Redpath stands out as a professor. “His teaching style is really effective for me,” explained Meader. “I’ve had good experiences with all the professors here, but I feel I respond best to his methods of teaching — he’s just a really nice guy.”

Meader gravitated to American Sign Language in high school, needing to fulfill a language requirement and finding it fulfilling beyond his initial expectations.

“There’s not a single school in Washington that has the interpreting program, and that was something I really wanted to pursue,” said Meader. “I decided to look out of state, and the closest to my home in Bellingham, Washington, was Western. So I applied and I toured. It was something that I liked — so I decided to go for it … it’s been really great so far.”

Maroney attests that somewhere between one-third to one-half of ASL interpreting students in any given year are from out of state — such as juniors Abby Money and Meader.

Money, like Meader, hails from another state. Money grew up in Templeton, California, and Monmouth has been her first taste of life somewhere else.

“It was really scary for me moving here because I had, genuinely, never lived anywhere else on my own,” said Money. “Being fully immersed in the classes, I was so scared starting college. It was a nice surprise — it was worth it.”

Often, Redpath or LeShonDre Brown are the first faces students see when entering the program at 101.

“I went in, freaking out,” said Money, describing her first term with Redpath in ASL 201. “I was so scared. I was like, ‘he’s deaf. What if he doesn’t understand a word I’m saying?’ Spoiler alert — he did. He understood me.”

Western’s interpreting program hopes to help fulfill the country’s growing need for ASL interpreters. At Western, the program is available entirely online to support that goal, so more students from other states can pursue interpreting.

Interpreting, as a class subject, requires focus and drive. Students learn that professional interpreting requires no distracting clothing or accessories, and that hair must be out of the face. Recorded videos must be in good quality and against a blank backdrop.

Videos and exams follow any number of subjects. Often, they rely on translating English into ASL and then signing that statement.

Maroney has been working at Western since 1993 but previously received a certificate in interpreting from the college in prior years. Maroney even found herself at Gallaudet for her master’s — an iconic, and vastly important, college, leading the charge in Deaf education.

Eventually, Western’s undergraduate program will re-incorporate a crucial internship — “Our hope was that by having a graduate program, we could sort of guide students and provide them with supervision opportunities to, then, be more ready to work. The problem is that not everyone chooses to go on to (get their master’s) and they aren’t ready to work if they don’t have that internship piece,” said Maroney. “It is a lifelong learning process. You can’t get your bachelor’s degree and be one-and-done. You have to keep working on your language, on your interpreting, on your cultural experiences and knowledge.”

Chances are the ASL program, in any branch, will continue to evolve. “Everything is in flux,” said Maroney. “We try things, and if it doesn’t work, we try something else. I think it’s an exciting time right now — a little bit unnerving at the moment — but we have searches going on. We’re looking for two ASL studies faculty and one interpreting studies faculty.”

Additionally, Maroney recommends students look into scholarships. The interpreting program is, typically, six years long — meaning the cost can be heavy alongside already taxing work.

As for student-to-student advice, Meader has his own: “(Don’t be) intimidated, especially if you’re brand new to learning ASL and interacting with the Deaf community. Trust yourself. And have fun, it’s a lot of fun.”

“It gets easier,” said Money. “Your receptive skills get better. And when someone’s signing to you and you catch on, you’re like, ‘oh, wait, I’m actually getting this now.’ It’s not something that you’re panicking over, cause I remember panicking.”

Some staff in the program teach truly because they just enjoy the program, often working other jobs — Alethea Boyer-Mularski teaches full-time at Oregon School for the Deaf, showing up for her 5 p.m. 300-level ASL instruction classes after a full day of work.

“I teach at WOU because it’s where my teaching journey began nearly 18 years ago. Deb Duren, who was then the ASL Studies Program Coordinator, hired me despite my lack of teaching experience at the time, recognizing potential in me. Over time, my love for teaching grew, and I developed a desire to share my knowledge of ASL, Deaf culture and the Deaf community,” said Boyer-Mularski. “During the day, I work at Oregon School for the Deaf, and in the evenings, I teach hearing students at WOU. It’s a rewarding contrast — teaching Deaf students their true language while introducing ASL to hearing students.”

Western’s launch of the Deaf and Hard of Hearing Education Program — 2015-2021 — had Boyer-Mularski in one of the first cohorts. After a six-year hiatus starting in 2017, Boyer-Mularski has since returned to the college.

“It was amazing. I love Alethea. She definitely helped my receptive skills a lot (because) she’s a much quicker signer. That was a lot of fun, being thrown into that,” said Money.

Additionally, Money regards the language with a lot of love. “It’s important to me because it kind of reminds me of where I come from a little bit. I took it originally for my friend, for her and her brother, because she was going to teach it to him. And then I just fell in love with it — it’s a beautiful language.”

“ASL is more than just a language — it’s the heart of Deaf identity and culture. I encourage students (and) faculty to appreciate its true beauty and respect its vital role in the Deaf community,” said Boyer-Mularski.

Meader has appreciated Western’s program so much that he’s opting to pursue his master’s at Western in interpreting. “The staff and the professors in the ASL and interpreting programs have been so supportive and encouraging … and I think that’s what’s made me want to continue, as opposed to (an) experience I had in high school where I almost quit learning ASL because my first teacher said something very harsh and awful to me about my signing, but I’ve just had really good experiences with the professors here,” he said. “Regarding the interpreting program, I think the professors do a really great job at preparing you and setting you up for success. It feels like they really care about you and think about you as more than just a student. Like they really want to set you up for future success as an interpreter or whatever you decide to do with ASL.”

Contact the author at howleditorinchief@wou.edu

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Setting boundaries

February 12, 2025

Written by: Isabelle Jones | Lifestyle Editor

Learning how to set healthy boundaries is essential for maintaining mental health and strengthening respect within relationships. According to TherapistAid, “Personal boundaries are the limits and rules we set for ourselves within relationships.” They enable people to protect their emotional, physical and mental health, allowing one to show up as their best self, both in personal and professional lives. Many people may feel uncomfortable setting boundaries due to fear of rejection, a desire to please others or simply not knowing how to express personal needs. Unfortunately, not setting boundaries can lead to overwhelming feelings of burnout, resentment toward others and a loss of identity. Getting taken advantage of causes emotional exhaustion and unnecessary stress. With practice, establishing and maintaining boundaries can lead to healthier, more fulfilling relationships and a greater sense of self-respect. Setting boundaries isn’t about shutting others out; rather, it’s about creating a safe, respectful space where one can thrive. Boundaries do not end at personal and professional relationships, they can be applied to various other areas within our lives, even our online presences. We have to also understand that setting boundaries isn’t just about saying “no.” It’s about preserving one’s mental and emotional health, and nurturing a sense of self. Some may believe that setting boundaries can be hurtful to the other person, but not expressing one’s own needs, including the need for space, can be extremely damaging, even leading to possible feelings of resentment.

In order to set boundaries, it’s necessary to identify what needs to be protected. Sometimes the answer doesn’t immediately come to mind, but asking these questions can help to clear the way.

“What makes me feel uncomfortable, drained or disrespected?”
“Where do I feel my time, energy, or emotions are being taken for granted?”
“When do I feel I’ve been overcommitting or sacrificing my well-being?”

Once we understand what’s not going to be tolerated, it’s important to define the limits. This could be applied to personal relationships, work environments or even among social circles. After all of this has been recognized and acknowledged, the next step is to communicate these boundaries to others. Communication should be clear and kind, but also direct and assertive. Setting boundaries is not asking for permission, but informing another person of a change of needs. When expressing limits, one should be prepared for any resistance. Some may not be immediately accepting of boundaries. Stay calm, and reinforce the boundaries. Saying “no” is healthy and is part of a balanced life. Consistency is key when it comes to upholding boundaries. Conflict is uncomfortable and it can be tempting to bend the boundaries, but it undermines them in the long run.

Boundary violations are very likely to happen, so how one responds to any violations is extremely important. It’s crucial to have a direct conversation with the boundary violator in order to fix the issue. When another does not take boundaries seriously and continues to violate them, it might be time to reevaluate the relationship. Healthy relationships require mutual respect, and part of that respect includes honoring each other’s boundaries. Many people feel guilty or selfish when they enforce their limits, but in reality, boundaries are an essential form of self-care. Taking up space, saying no and prioritizing one’s needs without feeling guilty can lead to several health benefits. Among the benefits are increased emotional well-being, stronger relationships and improved self-esteem that all result in a larger control over one’s life.

Setting boundaries is an essential skill that allows one to live authentically and protect their well-being. It can be difficult at first, especially if one is not accustomed to asserting their needs, but with practice, it becomes easier. Understanding one’s limits, communicating clearly and consistently enforcing boundaries cultivate healthy relationships and create a life that honors one’s own needs, priorities and values. In order to protect one’s health, we need to reiterate to ourselves that boundaries are not walls — they are bridges to more fulfilling, respectful and balanced relationships, where everyone can flourish.

Contact the author at howllifestyle@wou.edu

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New beginnings with roomies

Tips to have a positive roommate experience

Sarah Austin | Lifestyle Editor

Having a roommate can be an exciting experience for many, but daunting for those who have never had one or had a negative encounter. Here are some tips to make a positive and easy transition to living with roommates.

Avoid talking about events one plans to attend if the other person is not invited. This is a great way to be respectful while bypassing an awkward encounter.

Try labeling food in the fridge so you don’t lose your favorite items.

Be mindful of food items. Whether it is in the fridge, a cabinet or on the table make sure to keep track of personal items. Close containers and bags to prevent insects. Watch for expiration dates to avoid both mold and a spoiled scent in the room. Don’t take up too much space either; leave the same amount of area for each roommate in shared spaces.

Establish guest etiquette. Having a guest in one’s place is not against the rules, but make sure to set boundaries with roommates beforehand. This can include things such as notifying roommates when and how long they will be there, acceptable noise levels, appropriate and inappropriate times or days, parking arrangements and so on. If in a dorm on Western’s campus, be sure to also follow all guest rules; see wou.edu/housing-updates for details.

Make a chore list. Having set chores that are assigned to someone or are to be done on a certain day will ensure a clean living space as well as fair delegation. Use a whiteboard, sticky note, Google calendar or other method that everyone will be sure to see. Start by choosing what days chores should be done and how often, and rotate names for said activities. For example, have one roommate vacuum on Sunday, another clean the bathroom Friday, trade off who takes out the trash when full and so on.

Respect common areas. Give the same amount of respect to roommates that is expected of them.

Above all else, be open and communicate with each other so living together is enjoyable for all parties.

Contact the author at lifestyleeditor@thewesternhowl.com

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Women’s history month

Deep dive into the American Sign Language at Western

Setting boundaries

New beginnings with roomies

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