{"id":908,"date":"2023-03-22T10:58:11","date_gmt":"2023-03-22T17:58:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wou.edu\/linguistic-landscape-corpus\/?page_id=908"},"modified":"2026-04-06T13:32:52","modified_gmt":"2026-04-06T20:32:52","slug":"linguistic-landscape-resources","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/wou.edu\/linguistic-landscape\/","title":{"rendered":"Linguistic Landscape Resources"},"content":{"rendered":"\n[et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ _builder_version=”4.27.5″ custom_padding=”3px|||||” border_color_all=”#474747″ global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_row column_structure=”1_3,1_3,1_3″ _builder_version=”4.27.5″ background_size=”initial” background_position=”top_left” background_repeat=”repeat” min_height=”50px” max_height=”400px” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”1_3″ _builder_version=”4.16″ custom_padding=”|||” global_colors_info=”{}” custom_padding__hover=”|||”][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/cdn.wou.edu\/linguistic-landscape\/files\/2026\/04\/Screenshot-thumbnail-for-LL-bib-2026.jpg” alt=”Screenshot of Linguistic Landscape Bibliography on Zotero landing page” title_text=”Screenshot thumbnail for LL bib 2026″ url=”https:\/\/wou.edu\/linguistic-landscape\/linguistic-landscape-bibliography\/” align=”center” _builder_version=”4.27.5″ _module_preset=”default” custom_margin=”||3px|||” border_radii=”on|20px|20px|20px|20px” border_width_all=”1px” border_color_all=”#474747″ global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.5″ _module_preset=”default” text_orientation=”center” link_option_url=”https:\/\/wou.edu\/linguistic-landscape\/linguistic-landscape-bibliography\/” global_colors_info=”{}”]

LL Bibliography Info<\/p>\n[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_3″ _builder_version=”4.16″ custom_padding=”|||” global_colors_info=”{}” custom_padding__hover=”|||”][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/cdn.wou.edu\/linguistic-landscape\/files\/2026\/04\/Screenshot-for-thumbnail-LL-Corpus-2026.png” alt=”Screenshot of Linguistic Landscape Corpus landing page” title_text=”Home LL Corpus thumbnail” url=”https:\/\/wou.edu\/linguistic-landscape\/linguistic-landscape-corpus\/” align=”center” _builder_version=”4.27.5″ _module_preset=”default” custom_margin=”||6px|||” border_radii=”on|20px|20px|20px|20px” border_width_all=”1px” border_color_all=”#474747″ global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.5″ _module_preset=”default” text_orientation=”center” link_option_url=”https:\/\/wou.edu\/linguistic-landscape\/linguistic-landscape-corpus\/” global_colors_info=”{}”]

LL Corpus Info<\/p>\n[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_3″ _builder_version=”4.16″ custom_padding=”|||” global_colors_info=”{}” custom_padding__hover=”|||”][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/cdn.wou.edu\/linguistic-landscape\/files\/2026\/04\/RWEC-signs-thumbnail-2026.jpg” alt=”Photo of multilingual signage at a university” title_text=”Home HSI thumbnail” url=”https:\/\/wou.edu\/linguistic-landscape\/linguistic-landscape-of-hsis\/” align=”center” _builder_version=”4.27.5″ _module_preset=”default” border_radii=”on|20px|20px|20px|20px” border_width_all=”1px” border_color_all=”#474747″ global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.5″ _module_preset=”default” text_orientation=”center” min_height=”33.7px” custom_margin=”-27px|||||” link_option_url=”https:\/\/wou.edu\/linguistic-landscape\/linguistic-landscape-of-hsis\/” global_colors_info=”{}”]

LL of HSIs Info<\/p>\n[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.27.5″ background_size=”initial” background_position=”top_left” background_repeat=”repeat” min_height=”50px” max_height=”400px” custom_padding=”||34px|||” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.16″ custom_padding=”|||” global_colors_info=”{}” custom_padding__hover=”|||”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.5″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”]

Welcome to Rob Troyer’s LL Resources site<\/h1>\n[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.5″ _module_preset=”default” min_height=”50px” max_height=”400px” custom_margin=”-16px|||||” global_colors_info=”{}”]

Here you will find links and information about the LL Bibliography, LL Corpus, and my current study of the role Spanish plays in the LL of Hispanic Serving Institutions in the continental United States.<\/p>\n[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.27.5″ _module_preset=”default” min_height=”125.8px” custom_margin=”|auto|-50px|auto||” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.27.5″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.5″ _module_preset=”default” min_height=”21px” custom_padding=”0px|||||” global_colors_info=”{}”]

The Linguistic Landscape<\/h2>\n[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.27.5″ _module_preset=”default” min_height=”88.1px” custom_padding=”4px|||||” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.27.5″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/cdn.wou.edu\/linguistic-landscape\/files\/2023\/03\/Carniceria-scaled.jpg” alt=”A bilingual shop sign” title_text=”Carniceria” _builder_version=”4.27.5″ _module_preset=”default” border_radii=”on|20px|20px|20px|20px” border_width_all=”1px” border_color_all=”#474747″ global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.27.5″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.27.5″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.5″ _module_preset=”default” custom_margin=”-58px|||||” hover_enabled=”0″ global_colors_info=”{}” sticky_enabled=”0″]

Linguistic Landscapes<\/strong>, most narrowly defined, refers to the visible language(s) that are present in public places<\/em>. While this sense of the phrase ‘Linguistic Landscape’ has it’s origin in a 1997 article by Landry and Bourhis, scholars in the 1970s were already paying attention to the functions and significance of which languages are chosen for display on signs in multilingual contexts (Rosenbaum, et al. 1977). Several factors led to rapid development in this area of research in the early 2000s, among them a shift in sociolinguistic inquiry toward materialist and embodied linguistic practices, within the social sciences a broad interest in urbanization and the semiotic construction of space, and technologically the widespread availability of hand-held digital cameras that allowed researchers to quickly and easily photograph tokens of the LL and download them to their computers for analysis. It should be noted that outside of this academic paradigm, the term ‘Linguistic Landscape’ is frequently used to mean the languages that people use (in multilingual settings) and\/or the monolingual discourses and language uses that circulate in a given context.<\/p>\n[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=”1_3,1_3,1_3″ _builder_version=”4.27.5″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”1_3″ _builder_version=”4.27.5″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/cdn.wou.edu\/linguistic-landscape\/files\/2023\/03\/city_beauty_wind_blurred-scaled.jpg” alt=”A bilingual shop sign in China” title_text=”city_beauty_wind_blurred” _builder_version=”4.27.5″ _module_preset=”default” border_radii=”on|20px|20px|20px|20px” border_width_all=”1px” border_color_all=”#474747″ global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_3″ _builder_version=”4.27.5″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/cdn.wou.edu\/linguistic-landscape\/files\/2023\/03\/Food-bank_blurred.jpg” alt=”Bilingual postings on a community service door” title_text=”Food-bank_blurred” _builder_version=”4.27.5″ _module_preset=”default” border_radii=”on|20px|20px|20px|20px” border_width_all=”1px” border_color_all=”#474747″ global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.5″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”]

English and Spanish on the shop door of a food bank.<\/p>\n

\u2b05<\/span>Chinese and English on a commercial store front in Nanchang, China<\/p>\n[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_3″ _builder_version=”4.27.5″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/cdn.wou.edu\/linguistic-landscape\/files\/2023\/03\/WOU_COE_blurred.jpg” alt=”A student commenting on bilingual signs at their university” title_text=”WOU_COE_blurred” _builder_version=”4.27.5″ _module_preset=”default” border_radii=”on|20px|20px|20px|20px” border_width_all=”1px” border_color_all=”#474747″ global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.5″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”]

A still frame from an video interview with a student to gather perspectives on the presence of multilingual signs in a university building<\/p>\n[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.27.5″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.27.5″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.5″ _module_preset=”default” hover_enabled=”0″ global_colors_info=”{}” sticky_enabled=”0″]

Following the publication of the first edited volume of articles about the Linguistic Landscape (Gorter 2006)1<\/sup>, and the organization of an annual international conference\/workshop beginning in 2008 and resulting in several influential edited collections (Shohamy & Gorter, 2009; Shohamy et al., 2010), the nascent field of LL studies expanded rapidly in terms of the scope of study, research methods, and number of annual publications.<\/p>\n

An openness of early scholars toward interdisciplinarity and the publication of Jaworski & Thurlow’s (2010) Semiotic landscapes: Language, image, space<\/em>, afforded a multiverse of semiotic ‘scapes’ in which scholars documented and analyzed a range of semiotic meaning-making practices and materialities among them: skinscapes, schoolscapes, virtual landscapes, refugeescapes, graffscapes, warscapes, etc.\u00a0<\/p>\n

2016 saw the launch of the flagship academic publication Linguistic Landscape: An International Journal<\/a>. Over the next decade, yearly publication of articles, book chapters, edited collections, and theses increased dramatically and as of 2026 LL data has been collected and analyzed in over 140 countries.<\/p>\n

I was first introduced to LL studies in 2005 in a graduate course taught by Professor Thom Heubner, and in 2010 I began documenting the growth of the field by creating a curated bibliography of publications (the Linguistic Landscape Bibliography<\/a>), which is hosted on the Zotero platform<\/a> and used by LL scholars to quickly find references and generate lists of references. My own contributions to the field include: virtual landscapes, minority languages, schoolscapes, and videographic and ethnographic methodologies. I hope you find the resources listed here helpful.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.27.5″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.27.5″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.5″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”]

Notes<\/strong><\/p>\n