null as an Element

An ArrayList element can be an object reference or the value null. When a cell contains null, the cell is not considered to be empty. The picture shows empty cells with an "X" and cells that contain a null with null.

import java.util.* ;

class ArrayListEgFive
{

  public static void main ( String[] args)
  {
    // Create an ArrayList that holds references to String
    ArrayList<String> names = new ArrayList<String>();

    // Add three Object references and two nulls
    names.add("Amy");
    names.add(null");
    names.add("Bob");
    names.add(null");
    names.add("Cindy");
    System.out.println("size: " + names.size() );
       
    // Access and print out the Objects
    for ( int j=0; j<names.size(); j++ )
      System.out.println("element " + j + ": " + names.get(j) );
  }
}

The program prints out:

size: 5
element 0: Amy
element 1: null
element 2: Bob
element 3: null
element 4: Cindy

The cells that contain null are not empty, and contribute to the size of the list. It is confusing when nulls are elements of some cells. Don't write your programs to do this unless there is a good reason.